It’s estimated that the average adult uses between 6 (men) and 12 (women) cosmetic products a day — and each one contains several to dozens of ingredients. Should we be worried?
Cosmetic Ingredients – What Do We Know About Their Safety?
Cosmetics in the European Union are subject to strict regulations. Each ingredient must undergo a safety assessment, and its concentration is strictly defined by law. This means that using cosmetics as intended is considered safe for human health. Still, some substances raise concerns — let’s take a closer look.
1. Parabens – Preservatives Under Scrutiny
Parabens protect products from bacteria and mold. Although they’ve been found in tumor tissue during research, no studies have proven that parabens themselves cause cancer. The European Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) considers certain parabens (like methylparaben and ethylparaben) safe at specific concentrations.
2. Phthalates – Health-Based Restrictions
Some phthalates, found for example in perfumes and nail polishes, can disrupt hormonal balance. Many have been banned or heavily restricted in the EU. Those still in use, such as DEP (diethyl phthalate), are considered safe in low doses. Nevertheless, caution is advised for pregnant women.
3. Sulfates (SLS, SLES) – Clean Skin, But a Potential Irritant
Sulfates are effective foaming agents but can dry out or irritate the skin — especially at high concentrations or with prolonged contact. That’s why they are increasingly replaced with milder alternatives, especially in products for children and those with sensitive skin.
4. UV Filters – Essential Protection in Moderation
Sunscreen agents like oxybenzone protect the skin from harmful UV rays. Some studies suggest it may have estrogen-like effects, but there’s no strong evidence that it poses health risks at the levels found in cosmetics. In the EU, its concentration is capped at 6%. Mineral filters such as zinc oxide are a popular alternative.
5. Aluminum in Antiperspirants – Myth vs. Reality
Aluminum reduces sweating, which is why it’s used in antiperspirants. Despite public concern, there’s no credible scientific evidence linking it to Alzheimer’s disease or breast cancer. Major health authorities, including WHO and EFSA, consider its use in cosmetics safe within established limits.
6. Fluoride – Friend or Foe?
Fluoride is widely used in toothpaste to prevent cavities. Some studies suggest that excessive fluoride intake (especially in children) may negatively affect neurological development. However, fluoride levels in EU-approved products are strictly controlled and considered safe.
7. Fragrances and Colorants – Allergies Are a Real Concern
While many of these ingredients are deemed safe, they can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. EU regulations require manufacturers to list common allergenic fragrance substances on labels. It’s worth reading ingredient lists carefully, especially if you’re prone to allergies.
Should We Be Afraid of Cosmetics?
No. But we should stay aware of what we apply to our skin — choose products suited to our skin type, avoid ingredients that irritate us, and observe how our body responds. Cosmetic ingredients are not inherently harmful. Knowledge and conscious choices are key.
For many people, natural cosmetics are an appealing alternative — and for good reason.
Certified natural products are free from synthetic additives such as harsh detergents, artificial preservatives, or fragrances — the most common causes of skin irritation. With simplified formulas and limited raw materials, natural cosmetics offer users more transparency and awareness of what’s going onto their skin.
That’s also why many people enjoy making their own cosmetics — knowing exactly what’s inside, controlling the quantity, and tailoring the formula to their personal needs. This way, we can build a skincare routine that’s fully conscious and respectful of our skin.